> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://plivo.com/docs/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Getting started with Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) > Control speech output with SSML — pitch, volume, and pronunciation * **What:** Use SSML markup in Plivo's `` XML element to control TTS voice, pitch, volume, rate, pronunciation, and pauses. Powered by Amazon Polly (27 languages, 40+ voices) * **How:** Set `voice="Polly."` in your Speak tag, then use SSML tags like ``, ``, ``, ``, `` * **Cost:** Currently free (beta). Will eventually be billed per character synthesized * **Limitation:** Max 3,000 characters per Speak tag. Only works with Polly voices (not legacy Plivo voices). Some Amazon Polly tags are not supported (``, ``) The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created Speech Synthesis Markup Language ([SSML](https://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis11/)) as an XML-based markup language to assist in generating natural-sounding synthesized speech. The Plivo Speak XML element supports the generation of SSML-based speech, powered by [Amazon Polly](https://aws.amazon.com/polly/). It supports 27 languages and more than 40 voices, and allows developers to  control pronunciation, pitch, and volume. Here‘s how SSML appears within Plivo Speak XML elements: ```xml theme={null} Go Green, Go Plivo //Basic Text-to-Speech Go Green, Go Plivo //Text-to-Speech using SSML ``` To synthesize SSML speech on Plivo, specify one of the [Amazon Polly voices](/voice/concepts/ssml/#ssml-voices) in the `voice` attribute of Plivo’s \ XML tag. Note that Polly voices must be namespaced with a `Polly` prefix. For example: ```xml theme={null} Go Green, Go Plivo ``` ## SSML tags You can use these SSML tags within Plivo XML. | SSML Tag | Action | Description | | ----------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | \ | [Add a pause](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/polly/latest/dg/supportedtags.html#break-tag) | Use this tag to include a pause in the speech. | | \ | [Emphasize words](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/polly/latest/dg/supportedtags.html#emphasis-tag) | Use this tag to change the rate and voice of the speech. | | \ | [Specify another language for specific words](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/polly/latest/dg/supportedtags.html#lang-tag) | Use this tag to set the natural language of the text. | | \

| [Add a pause between paragraphs](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/polly/latest/dg/supportedtags.html#p-tag) | Use this tag to represent a paragraph. | | \ | [Use phonetic pronunciation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/polly/latest/dg/supportedtags.html#phoneme-tag) | Use this tag to set phonetic pronunciation for specific text. | | \ | [Control volume, speaking rate, and pitch](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/polly/latest/dg/supportedtags.html#prosody-tag) | Use this tag to modify the volume, speaking rate, and pitch of the tagged text. | | \ | [Add a pause between sentences](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/polly/latest/dg/supportedtags.html#s-tag) | Use this tag to represent a sentence. This adds a strong break before and after the tag. | | \ | [Control how special types of words are spoken](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/polly/latest/dg/supportedtags.html#say-as-tag) | Use this tag to describe how to interpret the text. | | \ | [Pronounce acronyms and abbreviations](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/polly/latest/dg/supportedtags.html#sub-tag) | Use this tag to pronounce the specified words or phrases as different words or phrases. | | \ | [Improve pronunciation by specifying parts of speech](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/polly/latest/dg/supportedtags.html#w-tag) | Use this tag to customize the pronunciation of words by specifying the part of speech they are. | **Note**: Plivo doesn’t support these Amazon Polly-specific tags in Plivo XML: * \ * \ * \ * \ * \ ## SSML voices Plivo supports these Amazon Polly voices for use with Plivo XML: | Language | Female | Male | | ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Australian English (en-AU) | [Polly.Nicole](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/nicole.8656c0be485fb3c43c29a7cc799960211fa224e5.mp3) | [Polly.Russell](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/russell.85286a07b33c9ee2bd97dd994294ccebb50a784d.mp3) | | Brazilian Portuguese (pt-BR) | [Polly.Vitória](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/vitoria.dccdde767360bb45f5ef615d4ae93245e43a4320.mp3) | [Polly.Ricardo](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/ricardo.485ed1dff89ee3606e46ef0f84b14d73fcd42a6b.mp3) | | Canadian French (fr-CA) | [Polly.Chantal](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/chantal.322a64f32393d0c6a5a291465f451cbcd681c295.mp3) | - | | Danish (da-DK) | [Polly.Naja](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/naja.b704af10c1e90008689ef17863d949c7b3d229a5.mp3) | [Polly.Mads](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/mads.84fb272b1941303d0b744f267d5a7bbe940b34f4.mp3) | | Dutch (nl-NL) | [Polly.Lotte](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/lotte.b60b7c845c0135c05852c837813038abe87a824a.mp3) | [Polly.Ruben](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/ruben.e8d339872f9d4aac2cf9c6844ab793f81550a015.mp3) | | French (fr-FR) | [Polly.Lea](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/lea.23bfaf13f5727801c654d1e2f028496f39ba6f0d.mp3)  | [Polly.Celine](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/celine.e6c15212622f6f5225f234d980a65e9a41201196.mp3) | |   | [Polly.Mathieu](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/mathieu.feedabefbaa9a94fe1bdeae8e503b49819f910c5.mp3) | - | | German (de-DE) | [Polly.Vicki](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/vicki.cafbf81c1cb7f9c5c060b02ffda104a7f6ee6cb9.mp3) | [Polly.Hans](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/hans.c8171993a58a550ba31d7c7c9caadb4042d01609.mp3) | |   | [Polly.Marlene](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/marlene.39191e409bfc0031ea32c63aa8f6027e2110da96.mp3) | - | | Hindi (hi-IN) | [Polly.Aditi](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/aditi_hindi.87e7512d4a1eb60235e8fc4edd08ab2071a8718c.mp3) | - | | Icelandic (is-IS) | [Polly.Dora](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/dora.7579e97fbfe4a3d4ff00df48dd9c588b377f3308.mp3) | [Polly.Karl](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/karl.5ea12538bbd81ede68314aca4b6dbf7e73405be3.mp3) | | Indian English (en-IN) | [Polly.Raveena](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/raveena.1819674fbbf0720fdf94018f1df918ade38ebf5a.mp3)  | - | |   | [Polly.Aditi](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/aditi.09b7fbaf5620f9b49b6b759f6b2df58fdcbc5d3e.mp3) | - | | Italian (it-IT) | [Polly.Carla](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/carla.a990b3137f13cb66ef3b9d80e1eba87e30855386.mp3) | [Polly.Giorgio](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/giorgio.74927aa24bee5d8eea0b09619e29379ed8053010.mp3) | | Japanese (ja-JP) | [Polly.Mizuki](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/mizuki.ae1d119948ee76011e51299748db48c25943e82e.mp3) | [Polly.Takumi](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/takumi.b3728282feaaea563b23345fb9fb434d9b727c7c.mp3) | | Korean (ko-KR) | [Polly.Seoyeon](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/HelloKorean_Seoyeon.b0ae8ddfc55e602e3f0657afe112b8902282880a.wav) | - | | Mandarin Chinese (cmn-CN) | [Polly.Zhiyu](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/Zhiyu-hi.9785e6f8b598d3e6bdcb5c2a9ec95859bfd1292d.mp3) | - | | Norwegian (nb-NO) | [Polly.Liv](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/liv.b5a39b3792911ed1d8d35c6c6f327850aae05972.mp3) | - | | Polish (pl-PL) | [Polly.Ewa](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/ewa.497d83b9f6c486ce14d0b78b9514591a18d4f1b8.mp3) | [Polly.Jacek](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/jacek.8851713e855fb82baaf76e1eb4e97fed97f65a36.mp3) | |   | [Polly.Maja](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/maja.c24bddf411c7c750c6aa621fc8fc4c009c0866f3.mp3) | [Polly.Jan](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/jan.9bb856fb6dfe128cc7033943d7009c19f0dddd73.mp3) | | Portuguese - Iberic (pt-PT) | [Polly.Ines](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/ines.136466e69d98c766946a311d151b13a0b6e86dfa.mp3) | [Polly.Cristiano](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/cristiano.aec3b12945b55ae6990c6b78f534031fb3ee9b6a.mp3) | | Romanian (ro-RO) | [Polly.Carmen](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/carmen.b732da15cb57ac7c873dd3d016193437cb8ea93c.mp3) | - | | Russian (ru-RU) | [Polly.Tatyana](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/tatyana.1f33b6e72ad56ce6a22c577c5090fdc7ca6c8dd0.mp3) | [Polly.Maxim](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/maxim.30cd883f122322e8afd315a49b72efcca91130d2.mp3) | | Spanish - Castilian (es-ES) | [Polly.Conchita](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/conchita.103a380cdb2471d794dbdc4808e18f4bcf52e299.mp3) | [Polly.Enrique](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/enrique.22473b31f265f8b050f91df18a8b36a89d19b70e.mp3) | | Spanish - Mexican (es-MX) | [Polly.Mia](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/Mia.575350d0eeeafa39c121f756c4bfac6437c4e650.mp3) | - | | US - Spanish (es-US) | [Polly.Penelope](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/penelope.7723493fdb9c6b7e1400efe02a5c1e7848310ba4.mp3) | [Polly.Miguel](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/miguel.91030339cc81f8df461e3ab7325168fa5fdc0035.mp3) | |   | [Polly.Lupe-Standard](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/Lupe%20\(Standard\).85d69fc3a36ee08455b352221435154afd19420c.mp3) | - | | Swedish (sv-SE) | [Polly.Astrid](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/astrid.4c9e160e86557f9610fa718f1d871a0caf61e586.mp3) | - | | Turkish (tr-TR) | [Polly.Filiz](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/filiz.15c85361bbac56743b00ebf345c2a7d54a3e99f8.mp3) | - | | UK English (en-GB) | [Polly.Amy](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/amy.19b8f5cf54bce4bc1010b4234ec6e9ea1496e97f.mp3) | [Polly.Brian](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/brian.f5abc46f50f1042bac587d990dd05912daf09089.mp3) | |   | [Polly.Emma](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/emma.21bd3065d00d15f8f7df800436c0e52970953d36.mp3) | - | | US English (en-US) | [Polly.Joanna](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/joanna.84722a684fbb16e766944ea6e34dd0042195571c.mp3) | [Polly.Matthew](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/matthew.b2a8b7d5b329742fc718c7a8d0efdad1c11fb25f.mp3) | |   | [Polly.Salli](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/salli.20a721cb6b8a5fbb016ab6d9ded37f9a91fe7a58.mp3) | [Polly.Justin](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/justin.acfadcd365d37a1ecc88fdb2a640f1a75f83bdf7.mp3) | |   | [Polly.Kendra](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/kendra.d768f43e12c08892d4495511e84e82f1b7195673.mp3) | [Polly.Joey](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/joey.3abd7f17e6dae6c9248cacd7eb0ec910c691c4f4.mp3) | |   | [Polly.Kimberly](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/kimberly.42e50dd5056c92a5fff41952d0c057a7f09adca3.mp3) | - | |   | [Polly.Ivy](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/ivy.70016451b3c186bcacba09acf5ee1b68c12db745.mp3) | - | | Welsh (cy-GB) | [Polly.Gwyneth](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/gwyneth.be497813ff11614acbdac0fb6c334b94bce20b45.mp3) | - | | Welsh English (en-GB-WLS) | - | [Polly.Geraint](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/geraint.4aa21b628bd99741c0275c77d8daa0ff7290265e.mp3) | ## Character limit To ensure quick synthesis, Plivo caps the length of text that can be synthesized in one \ tag at 3,000 characters. ## Pricing Support for SSML-based speech synthesis is currently in beta and free for all Plivo users. We expect to eventually charge for text-to-speech on the basis of the number of characters synthesized. ## SSML support in Plivo Server SDKs SSML tags are supported in all of our [Server SDKs](/sdk/server/). ## Example This example use the [Joey](https://d1.awsstatic.com/product-marketing/Polly/voices/joey.3abd7f17e6dae6c9248cacd7eb0ec910c691c4f4.mp3) voice for US English (en-US). Use the \ tag to specify the voice for your text. ### say-as The say-as tag describes how to interpret the text. ```py Python theme={null} from flask import Flask, Response, request, url_for from plivo import plivoxml app = Flask(__name__) @app.route("/ssml/", methods=["GET", "POST"]) def ssml(): element = plivoxml.ResponseElement() response = ( element.add( plivoxml.SpeakElement(content="The date is", voice="Polly.Joey", language="en-US") .add_say_as("20200626", interpret_as="date") ) .to_string(False) ) print(response) return Response(response, mimetype="text/xml") if __name__ == "__main__": app.run(host="0.0.0.0", debug=True) ``` ```rb Ruby theme={null} class PlivoController < ApplicationController def ssml response = Plivo::XML::Response.new speak_elem = response.addSpeak('The date is', voice: 'Polly.Joey', language: 'en-US') speak_elem.addSayAs('20200626', 'interpret-as' => 'date') xml = Plivo::XML::PlivoXML.new(response) puts xml.to_xml() render xml: xml.to_xml end end ``` ```js Node.js theme={null} var plivo = require('plivo'); var express = require('express'); var app = express(); app.set('port', (process.env.PORT || 5000)); app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public')); app.all('/ssml/', function (request, response) { if (request.method == "GET") { var r = new plivo.Response(); const speakElem = r.addSpeak('The date is', { 'voice': 'Polly.Joey', 'language': 'en-US' }); speakElem.addSayAs('20200626', { 'interpret-as': 'date', }); console.log(r.toXML()); response.set({ 'Content-Type': 'text/xml' }); response.end(r.toXML()); } }); app.listen(app.get('port'), function () { console.log('Node app is running on port', app.get('port')); }); ``` ```php PHP theme={null} addSpeak('The date is', ['language'=>"en-US", 'voice'=>"Polly.Joey"]); $speak_elem->addSayAs('20200626', ['interpret-as'=>"date"]); $xml_response = $response->toXML(); return response($xml_response, 200)->header('Content-Type', 'application/xml'); } } ``` ```java Java theme={null} package com.example.SsmlHandler; import com.plivo.api.exceptions.PlivoXmlException; import com.plivo.api.xml.*; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; @SpringBootApplication @RestController public class SsmlApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SsmlHandlerApplication.class, args); } @RequestMapping(value = "/ssml/", produces = { "application/xml" }, method = { RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST }) public Response SsmlHandler() throws PlivoXmlException { Response response = new Response().children(new Speak("The date is"). children(new SayAs("20200626", "date"))); System.out.println(response.toXmlString()); return response; } } ``` ```go Go theme={null} package main import ( "net/http" "github.com/go-martini/martini" "github.com/plivo/plivo-go/v7/xml" ) func main() { m := martini.Classic() m.Any("/ssml/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) string { w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/xml") response := xml.ResponseElement{ Contents: []interface{}{ new(xml.SpeakElement). AddSpeak("The date is", "Polly.Joey", "en-US", 1). AddSayAs("20200626", "date", ""), }, } return response.String() }) m.Run() } ``` ```cs .NET theme={null} using System.Collections.Generic; using Plivo.XML; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace Voicemail.Controllers { public class SsmlController : Controller { // GET: // public IActionResult Index() { var resp = new Response(); Speak speak_elem = new Speak("The date is", new Dictionary() { {"voice","Polly.Joey"}, {"language","en-US"}, }); resp.Add(speak_elem); speak_elem.AddSayAs("20200626", new Dictionary() { { "interpret-as", "date" } }); var output = resp.ToString(); return this.Content(output, "text/xml"); } } } ``` The rendered XML document would be: ```xml theme={null} The date is 20200626 ``` ### w The w tag lets you customize the pronunciation of a word by specifying its part of speech. ```py Python theme={null} from flask import Flask, Response, request, url_for from plivo import plivoxml app = Flask(__name__) @app.route("/ssml/", methods=["GET", "POST"]) def ssml(): element = plivoxml.ResponseElement() response = ( element.add( plivoxml.SpeakElement(content="The word", voice="Polly.Joey", language="en-US") .add_say_as("read", interpret_as="characters") .add_s("may be interpreted as either the present simple form") .add_w("read", role="amazon:VB") .add_s("or the past participle form") .add_w("read", role="amazon:VBD") ) .to_string(False) ) print(response) return Response(response, mimetype="text/xml") if __name__ == "__main__": app.run(host="0.0.0.0", debug=True) ``` ```rb Ruby theme={null} class PlivoController < ApplicationController def ssml response = Plivo::XML::Response.new speak_elem = response.addSpeak('The word', voice: 'Polly.Joey', language: 'en-US') speak_elem.addSayAs('read', 'interpret-as' => 'characters') speak_elem.addS('may be interpreted as either the present simple form') speak_elem.addW('read', 'role' => 'amazon:VB') speak_elem.addS('or the past participle form') speak_elem.addW('read', 'role' => 'amazon:VBD') xml = Plivo::XML::PlivoXML.new(response) puts xml.to_xml() render xml: xml.to_xml end end ``` ```js Node.js theme={null} var plivo = require('plivo'); var express = require('express'); var app = express(); app.set('port', (process.env.PORT || 5000)); app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public')); app.all('/ssml/', function(request, response) { if (request.method == "GET") { var r = new plivo.Response(); const speakElem = r.addSpeak('The word', { 'voice': 'Polly.Joey', 'language': 'en-US' }); speakElem.addSayAs('read', { 'interpret-as': 'characters' }); speakElem.addS('may be interpreted as either the present simple form'); speakElem.addW('read', { 'role': 'amazon:VB' }); speakElem.addS('or the past participle form'); speakElem.addW('read', { 'role': 'amazon:VBD' }); console.log(r.toXML()); response.set({ 'Content-Type': 'text/xml' }); response.end(r.toXML()); } }); app.listen(app.get('port'), function() { console.log('Node app is running on port', app.get('port')); }); ``` ```php PHP theme={null} addSpeak('The word', ['language'=>"en-US", 'voice'=>"Polly.Joey"]); $speak_elem->addSayAs('read', ['interpret-as'=>"characters"]); $speak_elem->addS('may be interpreted as either the present simple form'); $speak_elem->addW('read', ['role'=>"amazon:VB"]); $speak_elem->addS('or the past participle form'); $speak_elem->addW('read', ['role'=>"amazon:VBD"]); $xml_response = $response->toXML(); return response($xml_response, 200)->header('Content-Type', 'application/xml'); } } ``` ```java Java theme={null} package com.example.SsmlHandler; import com.plivo.api.exceptions.PlivoXmlException; import com.plivo.api.xml.*; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; @SpringBootApplication @RestController public class SsmlApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SsmlHandlerApplication.class, args); } @RequestMapping(value = "/ssml/", produces = { "application/xml" }, method = { RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST }) public Response Ssml() throws PlivoXmlException { Response response = new Response().children(new Speak("The word","Polly.Joey","en-US",1) .children(new SayAs("read", "characters")) .addS("may be interpreted as either the present simple form") .addW("read", "amazon:VB") .addS("or the past participle form") .addW("read", "amazon:VBD")); System.out.println(response.toXmlString()); return response; } } ``` ```go Go theme={null} package main import ( "net/http" "github.com/go-martini/martini" "github.com/plivo/plivo-go/v7/xml" ) func main() { m := martini.Classic() m.Any("/ssml/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) string { w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/xml") response := xml.ResponseElement{ Contents: []interface{}{ new(xml.SpeakElement). AddSpeak("The word", "Polly.Joey", "en-US", 1). AddSayAs("read", "characters", ""). AddS("may be interpreted as either the present simple form"). AddW("read", "amazon:VB"). AddS("or the past participle form"). AddW("read", "amazon:VBD"), }, } return response.String() }) m.Run() } ``` ```cs .NET theme={null} using System.Collections.Generic; using Plivo.XML; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace Voicemail.Controllers { public class SsmlController : Controller { // GET: // public IActionResult Index() { var resp = new Response(); Speak speak_elem = new Speak("The word", new Dictionary() { {"voice","Polly.Joey"}, {"language","en-US"}, }); resp.Add(speak_elem); speak_elem.AddSayAs("read", new Dictionary() { { "interpret-as", "characters" } }); speak_elem.AddS("may be interpreted as either the present simple form"); speak_elem.AddW("read", new Dictionary() { { "role", "amazon:VB" } }); speak_elem.AddS("or the past participle form"); speak_elem.AddW("read", new Dictionary() { { "role", "amazon:VBD" } }); var output = resp.ToString(); return this.Content(output, "text/xml"); } } } ``` The rendered XML document would be: ```xml theme={null} The word read may be interpreted as either the present simple form read or the past participle form read ``` ### More examples ```xml theme={null} I can speak in a higher pitched voice , or I can speak in a lower pitched voice I can speak really slowly , or I can speak really fast I can also speak very loudly , or I can speak very quietly. ```